en سوخت های جایگزین Modern Powertrain (hybrid, electric, CNG, bio, ...) پژوهشي Research <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">One of the main challenges in designing a vehicle&#39;s cooling system, particularly the radiator, is not considering the non-uniform airflow distribution in the radiator&#39;s characteristic performance graphs. In this study, a three-dimensional numerical analysis of the airflow passing through a QUIK vehicle and the effect of the cooling system&#39;s placement relative to the vehicle&#39;s grille in five different cases was conducted. The effect of non-uniform airflow distribution on related radiator parameters such as the Darcy number, particle diameter, and inertial term was examined. The results indicate that the optimal placement range of the vehicle&#39;s cooling system for appropriate cooling performance is very limited. Additionally, non-uniform air velocity distribution plays a significant role in the radiator pressure drop. The inertial term is more significant in non-uniform flow conditions. For larger Forchheimer numbers, the change in radiator pressure drop for uniform compared to non-uniform flow distributions is about 22%.</span></span></span><br> &nbsp; numerical study, radiator performance, porous media, Darcy number, Forchheimer coefficient 4608 4618 http://ase.iust.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-824-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Hojjat Saberinejad hsaberinejad@nus.ac.ir 180031947532846004802 180031947532846004802 Yes Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Skills (NUS), Tehran, Iran